Financial mechanisms for sustainable development: green bonds, ESG strategies, and market regulation

Анотація

Introduction. Contemporary environmental challenges, such as climate change, resource depletion, and rising greenhouse gas emissions, have necessitated a reassessment of financial mechanisms in the context of sustainable development. Green finance and ESG strategies are becoming essential tools for integrating environmental, social, and governance factors into financial activities, enhancing corporate responsibility, and improving investment efficiency in sustainable projects. Objective. This study aims to analyse the role of green finance in ensuring sustainable development, assess the effectiveness of existing financing mechanisms for environmentally oriented projects, and identify key challenges and prospects for integrating ESG strategies into financial systems worldwide. Methodology. The research employs a comprehensive approach that includes the analysis of regulatory documents and international standards for evaluating green financial instruments, particularly the Climate Bonds Initiative and TCFD recommendations. Comparative analysis methods are used to assess the dynamics of the green finance market, alongside case studies illustrating successful ESG strategy implementations across various regions. Results. The study confirms the growing significance of ESG approaches in corporate governance and the impact of digital technologies (blockchain, big data, artificial intelligence) on increasing financial transparency. Key risks, including information asymmetry, unequal access to sustainable finance markets, and the issue of greenwashing, have been identified. Recommendations are proposed for improving ESG reporting, harmonizing international standards, and expanding sustainable financing tools. These include the development of the green bond market, emission trading mechanisms, and the adoption of innovative financial technologies.

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