Economic incentives and environmental restrictions in the use of natural resources in the agricultural sector of the national economy of Ukraine

Анотація

The article examines economic incentives and environmental constraints in the use of natural resources in the agricultural sector of Ukraine’s national economy within the context of the transition to a sustainable development model. It is substantiated that the effective functioning of agricultural production under current conditions is impossible without harmonizing the economic interests of business entities with environmental requirements for rational natural resource use. The role of economic incentives – such as tax benefits, state subsidies, investment programs, green financing, and market-based mechanisms – in encouraging agricultural enterprises to implement environmentally safe and resource-efficient technologies is analyzed. Special attention is paid to environmental constraints arising from the degradation of land and water resources, climate change, the tightening of environmental legislation, and international standards for the quality and safety of agricultural products. It is determined that environmental constraints, on the one hand, increase production costs and complicate economic activity, while on the other hand, act as a catalyst for innovation, modernization, and the enhancement of long-term competitiveness of the agricultural sector. It is proven that the combination of economic incentives with a system of environmental regulations contributes to the formation of economic–environmental synergy, ensuring reduced resource intensity of production, preservation of natural potential, and increased efficiency in the use of natural resources. Directions for improving state policy in the field of agricultural natural resource management are substantiated, particularly with regard to the development of environmental taxation mechanisms, support for green innovations, and the integration of environmental criteria into the system of economic regulation of Ukraine’s agricultural sector.

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