Banking and real sectors as key components of the national economic development

Анотація

Introduction. National economic development depends on many conditions – economic, political, legal, socio-cultural etc. However, a special role is assigned to the real sector, where goods and services are created and banking, which provides servicing of business entities, accumulation of temporarily free funds, formation and flow of capital, stabilization of the national currency. Therefore, the article is devoted to the analysis of indicators of the real and banking sectors development of Ukrainian economy.Purpose. The purpose of the research is disclosure the current state of the real and banking sectors as key components of the national economic development of Ukraine.Methods. In the article methods of data’s collecting and systematizing, analysis and comparison, as well as graphing method were used.Results. Based on the analysis, the main problems of the national economic development have been identified and the causes of their emergence have been revealed. The mutual and cause-effect dependence between the development of the banking system of Ukraine and the real sector of the economy has been showed. The structure and dynamics of development of the national economy of Ukraine across industries have been analyzed.The main sources of financing of fixed capital of business entities have been disclosed. The low component of innovation development of domestic enterprises has been revealed. The problems of reducing the incomes of the population and reducing their purchasing power, and hence the capabilities to form savings have been highlighted. Main problems of the banking sector development, which are related to the capitalization of banks, decrease of their liquidity, deterioration of the structure of the loan portfolio, reduction of the resource base for lending to business entities, and significant reduction of deposits have been revealed. The dynamics of reduction of gold and foreign exchange reserves of the National Bank of Ukraine has been analyzed. The main reasons for the devaluation of the national currency of Ukraine relative to the US dollar have been considered. The monetary instruments of the National Bank of Ukraine aimed at regulating the economy have been reviewed. The problem of application of the targeting policy with the purpose of stabilization of the exchange rate of the national currency of Ukraine had been revealed.Discussion. The necessity of structural reformation of national production and formation of balanced economy with the observance of the relevant principles has been substantiated: export of finished goods; state incentives to create a closed production cycle; technological and innovative production development. In order to stabilize the national economy and ensure its further development, the necessity of maintaining constant coordination, inter coherence and interaction between the Government, the National Bank and business entities has been substantiated.

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