The current state and problems of the development of machine-building enterprises in Ukraine

Анотація

n many countries, the machine-building industry is a locomotive for developing industry and the economy. In the crisis state of the economy of Ukraine, the destruction of the infrastructure, the relocation of industrial enterprises, and the machine-building potential of enterprises must play an undeniable and leading role. Despite the difficult financial situation of a large share of enterprises in the machine-building sector, their functioning remains vital for enterprises of various types of economic activity. In order to ensure the balanced development of the machine-building industry, the government of Ukraine has adopted many programs and strategies. Critical problems of their ineffective implementation were significant underfunding according to the approved plans, over-bureaucratization in obtaining state support, lack of strategic orders from the state, decline in the prestige of technical specialties in educational institutions, etc. The performance indicators of mechanical engineering enterprises (for 2015-2022) indicate a decrease of almost 800 units. To 6,084 units, with a simultaneous reduction in the number of production personnel by almost 126,000 people to 247,900 people. Corresponding negative factors caused a monetary drop in production volumes and sales of manufactured products by about UAH 85 million. Up to UAH 115.3 million. The specified trend applied to all product groups of machine-building enterprises, except for the production of computers, electronic and optical products, and motor vehicles, trailers, semi-trailers, and other vehicles, where a slight increase in the indicator was observed. The export-oriented potential of machine-building enterprises has many defects, among which the main ones are the need for more state support and guarantees for executing agreements. In order to eliminate these obstacles, the Export Strategy for the mechanical engineering sector for 2019–2023 was developed and approved. The latter should be achieved by introducing state support at various stages, innovation of technological processes and finished products, restoration of existing and construction of new infrastructure, increasing the investment attractiveness of machine-building enterprises, strengthening the competitiveness of enterprises and products, cluster development, etc. Keywords: mechanical engineering, industry, production automation, enterprise, machine-building complex of Ukraine.

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