Economic assessment of the impact of climate change on agriculture in Albania and Ukraine

Анотація

This study aimed to provide a comparative analysis of the impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector in Albania and Ukraine, with a focus on identifying key challenges and opportunities for adaptation. The study analysed statistical data from 2010 to 2023 on climate change and its impact on agriculture and assessed the consequences. The results of the study showed that changes in temperature regimes are a key factor that directly affects agriculture. An increase in average annual temperatures leads to a change in the growing season of plants, which has both positive and negative consequences. Changes in precipitation patterns are another key mechanism of climate change impact on agriculture. Reduced precipitation and frequent droughts can lead to significant crop losses, requiring the introduction of irrigation systems and other water-saving technologies. Economic risks associated with climate change are a serious challenge for agriculture. Reduced yields, higher production costs and the need to adapt to new conditions can threaten the stability of farms, especially small ones. The analysis for Albania showed that rising temperatures and decreasing precipitation pose challenges for agriculture, particularly for cereal and vegetable production. In Ukraine, with its large area of arable land, there is scope to compensate for the decline in yields by expanding the area under cultivation, but investment in new irrigation technologies and agronomic practices is needed to improve efficiency. Both countries face the need to introduce new plant varieties, modernize irrigation systems, and develop agricultural innovation and precision farming. Effective adaptation strategies, including international cooperation and support for research, are key to ensuring the sustainability of the agricultural sectors in both countries. The findings of the study can be applied in practice to government agricultural support programmes and international climate change adaptation projects

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