Institutionalization of Higher Technical Education in Odesa (the Black Sea Region of Ukraine) during the Civil War: Society and Government

Анотація

The article offers a thorough analysis of the founding of the Odesa Polytechnic Institute in 1918 during the civil war in Ukraine. The primary historical sources are materials from the State Archive of Odesa Oblast, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The main research methods used include system analysis, synthesis, the historical method, logical and comparative-historical approaches, and generalization. The article is innovative in that it draws on a comprehensive range of archival sources for the first time. It includes a critical analysis of existing historiography on the subject, identifies and examines all key functional and structural components of the emerging polytechnic institute, and explores the process of their formation. Particular attention is given to the roles of various corporate participants and the influence of individual actors in the institutionalization of higher technical education in Odesa. For the first time, the involvement of the Odesa branch of the Russian Technical Society in this process is not only acknowledged but its leading role in establishing the Institute is substantiated. Amid the turbulent political context of the civil war, this branch effectively assumed the status of an independent Odesa Technical Society. The methods and forms of organizational activity of the Odesa branch of the Russian Technical Society in the process of institutionalizing higher technical education in Odesa have been clarified. The article also identifies and analyzes the areas and mechanisms of cooperation among various local corporate structures, including the Odesa branch of the Imperial Russian Technical Society, the Odesa Union of Engineers and Technicians, student organizations (such as the Union of student-technicians), municipal authorities, professors of Novorossiysk (Odesa) University, public figures, and others. The leading roles of several individuals instrumental in the founding of the institute are established and explored. The article also highlights the political and organizational characteristics of the institutionalization process under conditions of constant shifts in military and political power, each with differing ideological positions. Odesa Polytechnic Institute became the first higher technical school in the southern Ukrainian lands and remains a leading higher educational institution even today.

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