FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AS A FACTOR OF INNOVATIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL AND "GREEN" TRANSFORMATION

Анотація

The article examines the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth based on the theory of the investment development trajectory of J. Dunning. The main theoretical approaches to determining the role of foreign capital in the formation of the economic potential of the state are analyzed and the key factors influencing the country's investment position in the world economy are identified. Particular attention is paid to the concept of the investment development trajectory, according to which countries go through five main stages of economic development, characterized by different ratios between the inflow and outflow of foreign direct investment. At the initial stages of development, countries, as a rule, have a negative net investment position and act mainly as recipients of external capital. As the economic potential and competitive advantages of national companies grow, there is a gradual increase in the volume of investments from the country, which contributes to the formation of a more balanced investment position. The study found that the dynamics of the investment trajectory is largely determined by the level of development of the national economy, the structure of the resource potential, the size of the domestic market and the economic policy of the state. An important role in this process is also played by the advantages of ownership, location and internalization, which determine the competitive capabilities of national and foreign companies. The analysis shows that foreign direct investment can be an important factor in economic development, contributing to the modernization of production, increasing the efficiency of resource use and the integration of the country into the world economy. At the same time, the effectiveness of their use largely depends on the internal economic conditions and the strategic policy of the state regarding the attraction and use of foreign capital.

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