Migration and migration capital: sustainable development goals perspective

Анотація

The article provides a retrospective analysis of Ukraine's movement towards implementing the SDGs into its policy documents and regulatory acts, as well as achievements during the pre-war period, according to monitoring reports. Using the SDG Index, it presents Ukraine's progress in achieving the SDGs between 2016 and 2025. Migration is investigated as an integral part of sustainable development under conditions of globalization. The specific features of SDG implementation in Ukraine are examined in the context of migration processes with an emphasis on demographic, economic, and socio-political consequences. The differences between labor migration and forced, war-induced migration are substantiated based on motivating factors, gender and age structure, professional composition, migrants' educational levels, and the choice of host country. The article demonstrates that the intensification of migration processes with the onset of the war has caused various challenges and threats to achieving the SDGs related to human capital development, as well as the need to address new national migration management tasks. The influence of migration processes on the specifics of implementing SDG 1, SDG 3, and SDG 4 in Ukraine is investigated during the pre-war period and under conditions of forced war migration. The significant role of migration capital in financial and intellectual forms in promoting sustainable economic development is confirmed, and opportunities for its attraction are considered. The authors forecast new multi-directional migration flows in the post-war period: the repatriation of Ukrainian refugees; the departure of the working-age population for family reunification abroad; the departure of young people who do not see prospects for development and decent living conditions in post-war Ukraine. The article substantiates the necessity for differentiated state policy to achieve the SDGs with regard to existing and potential migrants in the following areas: creating conditions for the return of forced migrants; retaining labor resources in Ukraine; cooperating with the diaspora, international organizations, and host countries of Ukrainian migrants to guarantee their support and creating voluntary return programs; actively working with potential migrants. Ensuring the achievement of SDG 8 as one of the prerequisites for migrant reintegration and sustainable economic development in the post-war period requires further research. The role of social migration capital and migration experience in social adaptation, the restoration of migrants' social ties, and the implementation of SDG 5 and SDG 10 in Ukraine also requires further study.

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