STAKEHOLDER THEORY: THEORETICAL ASPECT

Анотація

The activity of the enterprise is connected with a certain circle of persons who influence its development. In the scientific literature, such persons are called stakeholders, persons who interact with the enterprise in the process of its activities and are stakeholders. The article analyzes the vision of domestic and foreign scientists on the essence of the concept of stakeholder and highlights the history of the theory of stakeholders (stakeholders). It was found that the theory of stakeholders began to emerge in the 30s of the 20th century, which took into account the welfare and interests of stakeholders, and modern theory of stakeholders (stakeholders) became widespread in the mid-80s of the 20th century. The research highlights the main postulates of stakeholder theory and finds that stakeholder theory describes and defines the structure of the enterprise and has a practical nature. Approaches to the development of stakeholder theory are considered and the main standards on which it is based are described. The main approaches to managing the company's stakeholders are descriptive, instrumental and philosophical. The study describes the stages of analysis and management of stakeholders, which include the definition of categories of groups of stakeholders; determining the needs of stakeholders; research of stakeholders' interests and their influence on the company's activity; formation of a stakeholder management plan; implementation of management measures and evaluation of results. The main strategies of stakeholder management are highlighted. Based on the study, an algorithm for managing stakeholders of the enterprise was formed, which consists in studying the interests of stakeholders in order to group them depending on the degree of influence on the activities of enterprises and willingness to cooperate. It is concluded that those stakeholders who have the greatest degree of influence on the activities of the enterprise should be involved in partnerships and management decisions, which will have a positive impact on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of enterprises.

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