Directions of Transformation of Economic Relations in the Agricultural Sector under Digitalisation

Анотація

Introduction. The necessity of studying the directions of transformation of economic relations under the influence of digitalization in the agricultural sector of the economy is substantiated in order to identify the changes introduced by digital technologies in production and processing, the formation of agri-food chains, consumer behavior, the labor market, and business models. It is established that the digital economy is understood as a system of economic and social relations formed on the basis of information and computer technologies, which characterizes a new economic paradigm based on knowledge and digital technologies. It is emphasized that the theoretical foundation of digital economy research is based on the concepts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), the information society, and the platform economy, which envisage the active implementation of digital tools, the emergence of global digital platforms and digital services that contribute to increasing the efficiency of agricultural producers’ economic activity and the formation of direct exchange between consumers. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to generalize the theoretical and methodological provisions of the development of the digital economy as a system and to substantiate the directions of its influence on the transformation of the system of economic relations between the actors of the agricultural sector, taking into account the changes introduced by digital technologies in the production and processing of agricultural products, the formation of agri-food chains, consumer behavior, the labor market, and business models. Method (methodology). In the course of the research and in solving the stated objectives, the following methods were used: the abstract-logical method to formulate concepts and define the essence of economic relations and digitalization; analysis and synthesis to study individual aspects of the impact of digitalization and to form a holistic view of transformation processes; the systems approach to consider the agricultural sector as a complex system in which all elements of economic relations are interconnected and influenced by the external digital environment; and the monographic method for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions. Results. The evolutionary process of transition from an industrial to a modern social formation is highlighted, the theoretical understanding of which is based on the concepts of the information society, the knowledge economy, and the digital economy. These concepts belong to the theory of post-industrial or information society, which argues that industrial society is being replaced by a society based on information, knowledge, and services. It is emphasized that in the information society, economic relations are transformed due to the growing role of knowledge as a key economic resource, the emergence of personalized production methods, the transition from rigid hierarchical structures to flexible network forms, and the formation of a global economic system through processes of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption. It is substantiated that economic relations in the agricultural sector represent a complex system that is subject to negative pressure from both the external and internal operating environment, while simultaneously demonstrating a high level of resilience and adaptability. It is concluded that the digital transformation of the agricultural sector is an inevitable and fundamental process that acquires special strategic importance, as it represents a pathway to economic resilience, strengthening national security, and full integration into the global community. It is proven that digitalization contributes to the transformation of economic relations in the agricultural sector at all levels by dismantling traditional linear supply chains and creating flexible digital ecosystems. This changes the role of the producer by transforming them into both a data producer and a consumer of high-tech services, simplifies access to markets and finance, but at the same time creates new forms of dependency and deepens the digital divide, which becomes one of the key socio-economic challenges.

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