Security and environmental risks of innovative development of Ukrainian industry in the context of ensuring economic security and transition to Industries 4.0 and 5.0

Анотація

The study is devoted to a critical analysis of the interconnected security and environmental challenges that accompany the innovative development and digital transformation of Ukrainian industry in the context of the transition to the Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 paradigms. The relevance of the work is due to the intensification of these challenges against the backdrop of a full-scale war, the need for post-war reconstruction, the tasks of European integration and participation in global competition. The work systematizes the complex threats inherent in each of the concepts. For Industry 4.0, these are, first of all, technologically determined risks: cyber vulnerability of cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things, dependence on foreign digital platforms, uncertainty of the regulatory environment and vulnerability of supply chains. The environmental dimension of transformation is presented through the prism of high energy intensity, the growing carbon footprint of digital infrastructure and the problem of e-waste. Industry 5.0 emphasizes human-centricity, sustainable development and social responsibility, forming a new space of valueoriented risks. These include threats related to the safety and ethics of human-machine interaction, the social justice of transformation, the psychophysiological well-being of workers, as well as the need to integrate ESG principles (environmental, social, governance criteria) into industrial policy. In war conditions, these structural problems are exacerbated by large-scale destruction of infrastructure, environmental pollution and critical loss of human and intellectual capital, which forms additional constraints for modernization. It is substantiated that to realize the potential of Industries 4.0 and 5.0 as drivers of long-term economic security, a comprehensive state policy is needed that synchronizes post-war recovery with environmental rehabilitation, accelerated decarbonization, development of "green" energy, construction of cyber-resilient ecosystems and systemic investments in human capital.

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