STRATEGIC IMPERATIVES OF DEFENSE FINANCING AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE DEFENSE-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX IN THE NEW SECURITY REALITY

Анотація

In the context of contemporary geopolitical transformations, the paradigm of national security has emerged as a key determinant of the development of the global economic system, prompting a fundamental revision of budgetary policy priorities and an adjustment of investment instruments. The escalation of armed conflicts has initiated a new cycle of global rearmament, transforming defense expenditures from a conservative budget item into a strategic mechanism of financial planning and deterrence. This study systematizes the theoretical and methodological foundations for the analysis of defense appropriations, particularly through the lens of resource-based, operational, and functional approaches, in accordance with the analytical standards of SIPRI, NATO, and the IMF. Particular attention is paid to the architecture of defense expenditures and their direct correlation with the level of economic resilience and technological competitiveness of the state. Based on an analysis of global defense financing trends, the study identifies the factors driving the rapid capitalization of the defense-industrial sector. The interdependence between the dynamics of defense investments, the innovation trajectory of development, and employment indicators is empirically substantiated. It is argued that the structural transformation of defense expenditures reflects fundamental shifts in the global security architecture, catalyzed by the full-scale war in Ukraine. The study concludes that optimizing the allocation of defense resources is imperative not only for safeguarding sovereignty but also for ensuring the strategic adaptability of national economies in the long term.

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