THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ON THE STRUCTURE OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN OECD COUNTRIES

Анотація

This article examines the characteristics of international migration in OECD countries in the context of technological development. The purpose of the research is to identify the relationship between a countries technological development level and the characteristics of migration processes, specifically the educational profile of migrants, the structure of their employment, and the potential for utilizing foreign-born human capital to support innovative development. The contribution of the author lies in a comprehensive analysis of the educational characteristics of migrants, the sectoral structure of their employment, and the classification of countries based on the labor potential of skilled migrants. To achieve this objective, the countries in the sample were grouped according to their level of technological development. The analysis reveals a trend toward an increasing share of highly educated migrants in more technologically advanced countries, which partially confirms the hypothesis that skilled labor is drawn to innovative economies. At the same time, it is shown that technological development is not accompanied by a clear shift of migrants toward high-tech sectors. A significant share of foreign-born workers remains concentrated in the service sector and support activities, indicating an underutilization of their human capital. A structural shift in migrant employment from agrarian-industrial sectors to service-oriented activities has also been identified as economies become more technologically advanced. A structural shift in migrant employment from agrarian-industrial sectors toward service-oriented activities has also been identified, in line with the increasing technological sophistication of economies. The scientific novelty lies in the proposed approach to classifying countries based on the relationship between the educational potential of the local population and that of migrants, which made it possible to identify groups of countries with different models for utilizing foreign-born human capital. The practical significance of the results consists in the development of recommendations for migration and innovation policies aimed at more effective use of the qualification potential of migrants. It is concluded that technological development affects not only the quality of migration flows but also the nature of migrants’ integration into the labor market, and that the realization of migration potential depends to a significant extent on institutional mechanisms for professional integration.

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