Compositional and stylistic features of the Northern Black Sea region’s detention facilities of the first third of the 19th century

Анотація

The investigation of the history of prison infrastructure development is being updated by the ongoing (2024) penitentiary reform in Ukraine. The planning and development of a new network of penitentiary institutions that will meet modern standards and goals of imprisonment requires attention to similar processes of rethinking prison architecture that took place in the first third of the 19th century. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to explore the transformation of the structural and spatial organisation of detention facilities during the active prison construction of the 19th century based on published and archival materials. This led to the use of historical, historical and comparative, compositional, grapho-analytical analysis, which were applied in the context of structural-functional and sociological approaches to the study of architecture. The application of this methodology helped to establish the origins and historical prerequisites for the expansion of new detention facilities during the study period. Based on the analysis of the structural and spatial construction of detention facilities, conclusions are drawn about the main goals that architects and authorities pursued when reforming prisons. By comparing the layout of different prisons, the regional specificity of different prison castles in the Kherson province was investigated. The study of the composition and structural-functional organisation of prison castles allowed tracing how the ideas about disciplinary space were embodied in the empire. Based on the analysis, the conclusions about the palliative nature of prison reform in the first third of the 19th century are clarified. The analysis of the implementation of the system of power relations in the architecture of detention facilities revealed that certain pre-reform elements have been preserved in prison castles. The study of the organisation of prison space allowed creating a periodisation of the development of architecture. It was concluded that typical places of detention of the pre-reform period were designed to solve pressing problems of functioning of detention facilities, and not to consistently implement certain penitentiary ideas in architecture. The prison reform of 1819 brought a neo-Gothic style and more complex composition to prison architecture. The results of the study can be used by researchers of other architectural experiments of the 19th century on the organisation of disciplinary spaces and serve as source material for educational and local history organisations

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