CORRUPTION: INVESTIGATION OF THE ESSENCE, FACTORS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

Анотація

Corruption and the shadow economy accompany the development of any state, regardless of its socio-economic, political, social structure.For example, the first mention of the struggle against corruption dates back to the second half of the 24th century B.C. (Sumerian city-state Lagash).Corruption came with the emergence of the state.Bribery as a crime involving severe punishment is mentioned in the Code of Hammurabi (2200 BC).Despite the fact that in the early stages of its development, human society considered corruption a social evil, in some countries the attitude to it was relatively loyal, and in some countries corruption was even legalized.According to chroniclers, bribes appeared in ancient Russia, and immediately evoked a decisive counteraction.By the 18th century officials in Russia lived on so-called «feeding» or «offerings».In Soviet times, corruption manifested itself in the form of status rent, which could be used primarily by the party nomenklatura.At the current stage of development of the Ukrainian state, corruption has become a systemic socio-economic phenomenon.However, traditionally corruption was seen primarily as moral, then as legal, and only in the 1970s corruption began to be studied as an economic category within the theory of rent [1].Corrupt economic relations develop when the economic interests of an entity that has the potential to obtain a status rent cannot be satisfied within the current rules and restrictions.

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