Assessment of Foreign Economic Performance of Ukrainian Enterprises in the Context of Currency Fluctuations

Анотація

This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of foreign economic activity (FEA) among Ukrainian enterprises in the context of intense currency fluctuations caused by prolonged martial law and geopolitical instability. The study focuses on the macroeconomic dynamics of Ukraine’s foreign trade from 2022 to 2025, with particular attention to exports, imports, trade balance, and the trade coverage ratio. Based on official statistics and academic research, it reveals how currency devaluation has had both positive and negative implications: while it enhances the price competitiveness of Ukrainian exports, it also increases the cost of critical imports and logistical operations, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study identifies several structural challenges, such as limited access to financial instruments for currency risk management, a volatile regulatory environment, and uneven trade performance across regions. As part of the analysis, the author proposes targeted measures to improve FEA performance, including the development of foreign exchange insurance mechanisms, simplification of trade procedures through digital platforms, and broader international cooperation to support wartime exports. Additionally, the article highlights the importance of improving financial literacy among enterprise managers and fostering adaptive capacity across sectors. The findings provide both theoretical insights and practical recommendations aimed at enhancing Ukraine’s export potential, economic resilience, and long-term strategic positioning in global markets. The study contributes to current discussions on how to strengthen foreign trade under conditions of crisis and recovery.

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