MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE MODERNIZATION OF PORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE BLACK SEA REGION

Анотація

In this article, we look at public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the context of modernising port infrastructure in Ukraine's Black Sea region. The theoretical and methodological foundations for implementing public-private partnerships in the transport and logistics sector are examined, including institutional frameworks, economic principles, risk-sharing models, and mechanisms for evaluating their effectiveness. It assesses the current state of Ukrainian seaports after large-scale military destruction and identifies key obstacles to their restoration and development, including security risks, insufficient investment resources, and outdated infrastructure. Particular attention is paid to the restoration of ports in Odesa, Chornomorsk and Pivdennyi, as well as the growing role of Danube ports in international logistics. The research substantiates the necessity of improving institutional, financial, and legal mechanisms of cooperation between the state and private business. The main forms of PPP applied in port modernization are considered, including concession agreements, joint ventures, management contracts, lease models, and BOT schemes. The practical experience of port concessions in Ukraine is generalized using the example of the Chornomorsk seaport development project and the Kherson port concession, which was suspended due to the war. It is proved that PPP mechanisms create conditions for attracting large-scale investments, introducing modern technologies, increasing cargo handling capacities, and integrating Ukrainian ports into European and global transport corridors. The article emphasizes the role of international financial institutions and private investors in financing port reconstruction. The strategic importance of PPP for ensuring sustainable development, strengthening national economic resilience, and restoring Ukraine’s position in global supply chains is confirmed. Directions for improving the effectiveness of PPP mechanisms in the Black Sea region ports are proposed. Additionally, the study highlights policy recommendations aimed at improving risk allocation, transparency, and alignment of port PPP projects with EU standards during post-war reconstruction.

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