THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF USING WASTE ECOLOGISTICS IN SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAINS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Анотація

In modern economic conditions, which are characterized by an increase in the impact on the environment, an increase in its pollution, the issue of introducing fundamentally new approaches to the implementation of the production process is extremely relevant.A significant place in the processes of eco-destructive impact on the environment is occupied by pollution of atmospheric air, water basins and soils due to the formation and storage of agricultural waste. At present, the problem of accumulation of agricultural waste is becoming extremely important. It is agricultural waste that generates the largest amount of greenhouse gases that have a significant eco-destructive impact on the environment.According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) [1], agriculture and livestock in particular is the second largest sector emitter by emissions of greenhouse gases. Thus, livestock production produces about 18% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in the world, in particular, methane emissions from this industry account for about 16% of the total annual emissions in the world, nitrous oxide – 17% of the total annual volume; as well as a number of other environmentally harmful substances and compounds.For Ukraine, the issue of pollution from agriculture is extremely relevant, given the role of the agro-industrial complex in the country’s economy. According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in 2020 Ukraine exported agricultural products worth $18.8 billion, which is almost 40% of all national exports. Among the livestock products, the largest part in Ukraine’s exports is occupied by poultry products. According to the Ukrainian Club of Agrarian Business, in the first half of 2021, 51 thousand tons of chicken were imported, which is 18% more than in the same period last year. In value terms, chicken imports amount to about $22 million [2].As a result of the activities of poultry farms, there is a powerful pollution of atmospheric air, water and soil. During the life of one chicken, 0.2-0.3 kg of litter is produced daily, a significant accumulation of waste from this industry without rational approaches to their disposal leads to an increase in the environmental burden on the environment.

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