E-commerce as a component of electronic commerce under conditions of uncer-tainty: economic risks and assessment tools

Анотація

The article examines e-commerce as a structural component of electronic commerce in the context of increasing economic uncertainty and digital transformation. The conceptual interrelation between the notions of e-business, electronic commerce, and e-commerce is clarified, which makes it possible to define the specific place of e-commerce within the digital economy. The author systematizes the main types of economic risks inherent in e-commerce activities, including financial, operational, logistical, cyber, reputational, and regulatory risks. Particular attention is paid to the impact of external instability, especially wartime challenges and macroeconomic fluctuations, on the functioning of online enterprises and the sustainability of their business models. The study substantiates the necessity of implementing a comprehensive risk management system based on both qualitative and quantitative assessment tools. Statistical and analytical methods such as expected value calculation, variance, scenario analysis, sensitivity analysis, and Value at Risk are considered as effective instruments for evaluating potential losses and forecasting financial outcomes under different development scenarios. It is emphasized that the integrated application of these methods contributes to improving managerial decision-making, strengthening financial stability, and increasing the adaptability and competitiveness of enterprises operating in the digital environment. The research also highlights the importance of integrating risk assessment into strategic planning processes of e-commerce enterprises. Special emphasis is placed on the role of digital infrastructure resilience and data protection in minimizing potential losses. The findings contribute to the development of methodological approaches aimed at enhancing the sustainability of e-commerce entities under conditions of prolonged uncertainty.

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