THE U.S. POLICY ON ISRAEL IN JANUARY 2021 – OCTOBER 2023

Анотація

Relevance. The War in Gaza (October 7, 2023 – October 2025), which was Israel’s response to the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023 challenged U.S.-Israel relations. For better understanding of bilateral disagreements, that became evident in 2024, it is important to study previous Biden administration’s policy on Israel and settlement of the Arab-Israeli and Palestinian-Israeli conflicts. The purpose of this article is to cover Biden administration’s strategy, policy and position toward Israel before and in the early days of the Gaza War. Methods. This is an empirical study based on the content analysis of historical sources, comparative analysis, cause and effect analysis, problem-chronological and genetic methods. The U.S. policy on Israel is examined at the bilateral and regional levels. Results. Before the War in Gaza, the Biden administration mostly continued the policy of the previous administration of D. Trump toward Israel. It maintained the U.S. Embassy and did not reopen Consulate in Jerusalem, and supported the 2020 Abraham Accords. It attached great importance to the implementation of these Accords, and to normalization of Israeli-Saudi relations. These agreements were to become the basis for regional integration with Israel participation in the trade, economic and security spheres. Two frameworks of cooperation were launched to serve this goal, namely, the Negev Forum (March 2022), and the I2-U2 group (July 2022). At the same time, J. Biden declared his support for the «two-state solution» – the establishment of an independent Palestinian state alongside Israel. Conclusions. With the beginning of the Gaza war, the Biden administration continued to uphold the basic principles, set out in the 2022 strategic documents. However, they contradicted the new policy of the Israeli government, and its determination to destroy Hamas at any cost. The first days of the war demonstrated both full support of the U.S. for Israel, and the Biden administration’s disagreement with the Netanyahu government’s approaches to the goals and methods of warfare.

Класифікація

Ідентифікатори

Схожі роботи