INDIRECT FISCAL STIMULATION INSTRUMENTS IN THE SYSTEM OF ADAPTIVE COMPETITIVENESS MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Анотація

The article investigates the impact of indirect fiscal stimulation mechanisms on the liquidity, financial stability, and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises under the extreme conditions of martial law in Ukraine. The study conceptually substantiates the paradigm of “fiscal resilience” achieved through mechanisms of targeted Value Added Tax (VAT) accumulation. The theoretical framework integrates sustainable development concepts, competitiveness management theory, and modern methods of macroeconomic and financial modeling. To objectively assess the scale of economic shocks, the methodological approaches of the World Bank (RDNA3 report) were applied to separate direct physical damages from indirect economic losses causing the agricultural liquidity deficit. To formalize the effectiveness of tax instruments through functional dependence, the authors developed a conceptual index of fiscal provision of adaptability (Ifisc). It evaluates the ratio of accumulated VAT funds retained by the enterprise to capital investments directed into resilience technologies (deep processing, renewable energy). The empirical analysis proves that the emergency application of the simplified “2% of turnover” taxation system had a destructive impact on small and medium-sized agricultural businesses (SMEs). The loss of VAT payer status provoked a rupture of value-added chains, paralyzed sales to exporters, and caused an artificial liquidity deficit. Based on the modeling of the Ifisc index, the established functional dependence proves that targeted VAT accumulation acts as an automatic internal investment resource. This mechanism allows enterprises to finance innovations without accumulating critical debt burdens typical of commercial loans. A strategic transition from passive tax squeezing to indirect fiscal stimulation is proposed. The accumulated financial resources form a necessary basis for the enterprises' own co-financing share. This is a prerequisite for integrating SMEs into agro-clusters and accessing macro-financial assistance under the European Ukraine Facility 2024–2027 plan. Implementing these mechanisms will allow agribusinesses to successfully adopt Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards, achieve energy autonomy, and enhance their competitiveness in the EU single market.

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