Theoretical Tasks of Determining the Sectoral Structure of an Economic System

Анотація

The article aims to determine the methodical approach to the analytical assessment of the structure of a country’s national economy in accordance with the sectoral classification of the economic formations theory using tourism as an example. With this aim in mind, the main tasks have been fulfilled, namely: a comparative analysis of the main cost indicators of the global market in the periods of stability and crisis has been carried out through grouping primary, secondary and tertiary economy sectors; the main trends in the dynamics and structure of the tourism industry in Ukraine by volumes of agricultural, industrial and services sales have been identified; the demand pattern of the tourist market in Ukraine has been characterized by determining the contribution of small and microenterprises to the total volume of the products sold; the necessity of providing an additional forecasting approach has been substantiated, the approach being based on carrying out structural analysis and studying intersectoral relationships by means of the number series extrapolation method, used by the World Travel and Tourism Council to determine trends in national tourism markets. Having made a review of research on the theoretical aspects of the national economies classification we have come to conclusion that a three-sectoral model (agriculture, industry, services) still dominates in the field, although it no longer meets modern requirements as to carrying out empirical research. This is the reason why the number of published works, whose authors suggest to expand the list of sectors, has been growing. The author of the study in question suggests to provide an additional independent sector that accumulates surplus funds and distributes them among the market actors. The analysis of the global GDP carried out shows that the shares of the primary sector and extractive industry grow in times of crisis, while the service sector, and tourism in particular, requires macroeconomic stability. The same trends have been observed in Ukraine. The countries of the world have been clustered according to their national economy structure, with Ukraine getting into the most numerous group of countries with a developed agro-industrial complex (though it does not play the leading role in forming the GDP), a high share of the service sector and a sufficient level of industrial production.

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