Investment Activity of Enterprises: the Essence, Indicators of Assessment and Risks of Falling into the «Traps of Backwardness»

Анотація

The article presents the leading schools and concepts of investment of pre-capitalist and modern stages of Social Development. It shows the general and personal in the reproduction of production in time and space. It is proved that investment mechanisms have their own characteristics both in socio-economic formations and at various stages of the capitalist mode of production. A comparative analysis of the most common concepts and theories of investment was performed, which showed that most of the research concerns the investment activity of the real sector of the economy, which is losing its dominant position in modern world and national production. Methods of estimating GDP (GNP) indicators, especially for enterprises, services, and information and digital industries, have significant drawbacks. The departure from political and economic approaches to defining the basic concepts and categories of investment theories has negative consequences for management. The role of political institutions in the economy, investment activities and their relationship with economic inclusive and extractive institutions is underestimated. There are limited methods for evaluating the effectiveness of investment activities in conditions of limited and curtailed markets, high barriers to access to foreign markets, and limited human and production resources. The mechanisms of motivation of various groups of society and institutions in stimulating investment activities, enterprises, investment and financial structures (Block Rok; the Vanquard Group), Ukraine are revealed. The probability of decline in the economy of enterprises and other business entities as a result of falling into the “traps of backwardness”, as well as some areas of their prevention, is considered. The directions of further research on the problems of increasing investment in the production of goods with high added value, their competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets are determined.

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