Current Trends of Transformation of Labor Resources during Technological Changes

Анотація

The aim of this work is to deepen the understanding of the impact of modern technological progress on the nature of transformation of the labor market, changes in the role of qualification level of the employed population, and determination of the skills and competences of employees necessary for forming competitiveness of labor resources and overcoming modern challenges in the labor market. The article presents an assessment of the potential of intra-industry polarization by individual types of economic activity, with consideration for the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) at enterprises. It is noted that information and communication technologies replace certain tasks performed by humans. Consequently, the share of employed among not only highly qualified and paid experts but low-skilled service personnel related to this sphere will increase as well. An assessment of the share of employees who used ICT in enterprises is performed. It is determined that, in Ukraine, the maximum number of employees who used ICT in their professional activities were employed in the fields of information technologies, telecommunications, as well as scientific and technical activities. The close to the Ukrainian average value share of employees using ICT in enterprises is observed in industry. The minimal use of ICT was in the field of transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities and water supply. The results obtained have allowed to single out a number of enterprises with the maximum potential for applying the latest technologies and reformatting the structure of the employed population. The role of skills and competences necessary for forming competitiveness of labor resources and overcoming various challenges in the labor market is determined. The core skills and competences for effective employment are defined with the use of the content-based model O*NET and proposed in the study. It is noted that promoting the development of non-routine skills is the most relevant strategy for the formation of labor competitiveness under modern conditions, especially as a result of the impulse created by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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