Current trends and approaches to regulating migration mobility in times of war

Анотація

For developed countries with relatively stable environments, migration mobility is a condition for socio-economic development. Many states practice using the migration factor to solve demographic problems associated with depopulation. In recent years, however, migration mobility has continued to grow not only because of the realization of the right of modern people to choose a place of residence with better conditions. Increasingly, natural disasters and environmental crises are becoming factors of growing migration mobility. For Ukraine, the impact of security factors is particularly noticeable – first in 2014, and then from 2022. The security factors of migration mobility are usually determined by military conflicts, which not only cause massive forced displacement but also have long-term consequences for donor and recipient states. Migration mobility in such circumstances is a personal life catastrophe, the consequences of which depend on the policy of the host state and the return policy of the donor state. The article aims to reveal the current trends and types of migration in Ukraine during the war and to outline its regional peculiarities. The authors analyze the current trends in the migration processes that have been taking place in Ukraine over the last years with a special focus on migration mobility in the context of war. The article substantiates that the population migrates in two directions – internally and externally. The dynamics of internally displaced persons and refugees from Ukraine to European countries under the influence of hostilities is examined. Special attention is paid to the problems of forced migration, re-emigration of the Ukrainian population, and adaptation and integration of refugees from Ukraine abroad. Regional peculiarities of migration processes in Zakarpatska oblast are outlined. Considerable attention is paid to specifying the challenges and threats posed by migration mobility in times of war both at the national and regional levels. The article proposes specific tools for the development of a regional policy on regulating migration mobility for the rear regions, including Zakarpatska oblast.

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