The concept of climate-smart agriculture as a model of combining digital technologies and sustainable practices

Анотація

The article considers the concept of climate-smart agriculture as a model of combining digital technologies and sustainable practices and justifies the directions of its dissemination in domestic practice. The main tasks of the CSA are revealed, related to the sustainable increase in productivity and income of agricultural producers, their adaptation and increase in sustainability, reduction and/or elimination of greenhouse gas emissions, which should become a priority for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy during the post-war recovery period. It is emphasized that the CSA model is a flexible approach and should be adapted to local agro-ecological, socio-economic, natural-climatic and other conditions. A comparative analysis of the differences between the CSA model and similar, often interrelated concepts of regenerative agriculture, conservation agriculture, and climate-neutral agriculture is made. The elements of the CSA model that are currently used in the practice of agricultural production in the following areas are characterized: agronomy and soil management - soil conservation agriculture, agroforestry, precision irrigation, rainwater harvesting technology; livestock systems management - feed and feeding, manure management, grazing management. It is summarized that the CSA concept is a comprehensive risk management system for agriculture, a proactive strategy for building resilience at the level of agricultural production. The integrated nature of the CSA model, which allows balancing economic, social and environmental goals through its own key objectives, is proven, which allows the agricultural sector to develop practical actions to contribute to the achievement of national sustainable development goals. It is argued that investments in CSA will not be able to ensure the achievement of the SDGs if they are not combined with investments in strengthening local and national institutions, improving policy coherence and ensuring fair participation of all stakeholders. The components of digital technologies used in the CSA model are highlighted, which provide tools for monitoring complex technological processes of production, managing trade-offs, and applying resources with high accuracy, which ensures increased efficiency of agricultural enterprises. It is substantiated that in the future the trend towards automation of technological processes from sowing and weeding to harvesting will accelerate based on the use of robotic systems, AI, digital twins, biotechnology, and circular bioeconomy technologies. It is concluded that the state policy for the development of the agricultural sector should take into account national agro-climatic, economic and social conditions and have a reliable system of monitoring, reporting and verification based on the provision of mandatory standards, voluntary incentives. It is substantiated that in domestic conditions it is advisable to intensify investments by agricultural producers in remote sensing of the land, precision agriculture and digital technologies, as well as the creation of an effective system of knowledge transfer and technical support, which can accelerate the implementation of the CSA model in the practical activities of agricultural enterprises. In order to spread the CSA model in the practice of agricultural production by domestic enterprises, it has been proposed to develop and implement the following measures: create a digital platform for automated assessment of climate impact and the effectiveness of state support programs; provide for the inclusion of special «green» criteria in the conditions for providing loans under the state program «Affordable loans 5-7-9%» and provide for preferential lending; a national program of voluntary environmental commitments for agricultural producers, financed from the state budget. Keywords: climate-smart agriculture, digitalization, agricultural enterprises, climate change, sustainability, state support.

Класифікація

Ідентифікатори

Схожі роботи