DEMOGRAPHIC DIMENSION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

Анотація

Sustainable development can be achieved with an optimal balance of demographic, economic and environmental development in a particular country or region. Population is an essential element of the social, economic and environmental spheres of any territory, so demographic sustainability should be seen as an indispensable condition for sustainable development in general. In the narrow sense, the demographic sustainability is interpreted as maintaining a constant population and characterized by indicators of population dynamics and changes in its age-old structure. In the broad sense, the demographic sustainability can be defined as an ability of a demographic sphere to maintain a stable population with optimal proportions between its age categories and a balanced social and economic structure of the society. It also means an ability to withstand external and internal factors of destabilizing the demographic situation and an ability to return to the previous balance state. The article defines the concept "demographic sustainability" and its relationship with the concept of sustainable development. The main factors of the regional dimension of demographic sustainability are outlined. The demographic sustainability of the region is considered as a result of the attractiveness of the region for education, work and human habitation. The main indicators of demographic sustainability and demographic dynamics in Ukraine are analyzed. The analysis of the age structure of the population showed a steady tendency of population aging and reduction of the absolute number of children. Along with this, the average life expectancy at birth is constantly increasing. The low total fertility rate confirms the lack of simple reproduction of the population and indicates a decrease in its population in the future. The population pyramid for 2018 clearly indicates the inevitable further decline of the country's population and the growth of the proportion of older age groups in its structure. These processes are intensified by ongoing migratory movements, which are predominated by working-age population group.

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