The Analytical Characteristics of Internal and External Vectors of Migration of the Population of Ukraine

Анотація

The historical prerequisites for the formation of migration waves of the population of Ukraine are analyzed as follows: the first wave («old migration» – the second half of the nineteenth century with the predominance of migration of workers); the second wave («new migration» – the end of the nineteenth – the first half of the twentieth century. with the predominance of migration of poor peasantry); the third wave («political» – after World War II until the 1980s, with a predominance of low-skilled workers and intellectuals); the fourth wave («migrant workers», since the mid-90s of the twentieth century.). It is noted that the fifth, «intellectual» wave (since the 2010s) can be transformed into a «corporate», which provides for the withdrawal of business abroad in the context of increased tax burden in Ukraine. The likelihood of a «corporate» wave also strengthens the stimulating policy of European countries to attract businesses that offer stable economic conditions. Ukraine’s place on the global migration map confirming its inclusion in the international space as a democratic and legal State has been studied. The number of international migrants from Ukraine is gradually increasing, reaching 6.1 million people in 2020, but the problem of such dynamics is exacerbated by the declining dynamics of immigration and threatening depopulation processes: in 2020, the share of international expats in the population reached 11.9%, when in 1990 it was equal to 10.8%. Studying the migration processes of the population of Ukraine, scientists and experts often focus on the problem of human losses due to emigration. However, the modern world, even during the pandemic, is developing in the context of globalization. Many countries have an effective policy of attracting human potential, thus ensuring positive development dynamics. Therefore, the authorities of Ukraine are forced to intensify the State regulation of migration processes, guided by the consequences of their impact on socio-economic development.

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