ASSESSMENT AND MEASURES TO RESTORE THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND LABOR POTENTIAL OF UKRAINE

Анотація

Objective. The purpose of the work is to assess the losses of Ukraine's demographic and labor potential due to military actions, determine the prospects for their restoration and measures to achieve them. Methods. The following methods were used during the study: descriptive, analytical, survey, expert, analysis and synthesis, factor, generalization and systematization, statistical, tabular and graphical. The results. The difficulties of Ukrainian refugees’ stay in host countries are identified, including those that influence their decision to return to their country. The structure of refugees is characterized by various characteristics, such as gender, age, family composition, and their socio-economic situation (employment status, provision of social assistance and housing). The influence of the period of stay abroad on decision-making regarding further actions is established: return to Ukraine, further stay abroad in the same country or moving to another, uncertainty with action plans. The factors influencing the intentions of Ukrainian refugees to return to Ukraine are identified and their content and nature of influence are analyzed. The main factor for return is, of course, the end of military operations on the territory of Ukraine; The main factors also include access to property or alternative housing, access to basic services, education and healthcare, access to work or opportunities for earning money in the areas of return. It was found that the intentions of refugees to return differ depending on the degree of socio-economic integration into the communities of the host countries: they are lower for those who are employed, higher for pensioners. In general, the analysis of the intentions of refugees shows that despite the increase in the length of stay outside their country, uncertainty about their status and future, and the continuation of the war, the majority plan or hope to return to Ukraine; however, over time, the fate of such people gradually decreases. Based on the results of the analysis of the plans, hopes and aspirations of refugees, a number of measures and directions have been developed that will facilitate their return to Ukraine, taking into account the factors that are key for them in their decisions to return, including the most priority ones such as access to employment opportunities, housing, basic services and available assistance in places of origin/return. The possibilities of restoring the demographic and, accordingly, labor potential of Ukrainian society through the return of refugees from other countries have been identified.

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