TRANSFORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN LABOR MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF WAR: CHALLENGES, THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND ADAPTATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL

Анотація

This work investigates the profound transformation of the Ukrainian labor market under the conditions of a full-scale war and the initial stages of recovery during 2022–2026. The primary problem addressed in the study is the critical shift from a surplus of labor to a chronic «supply shock» and a severe shortage of skilled personnel. The research highlights that the labor market has evolved into a «seeker’s market,» where the lack of human capital has become the main barrier to economic stability. By analyzing statistical data from the State Statistics Service and the Pension Fund of Ukraine, this work documents a 25% reduction in the official workforce and a significant increase in nominal wages. The author identifies key structural imbalances caused by mass external migration, mobilization, and the internal relocation of businesses. A significant portion of the study is dedicated to the new role of the State Employment Service, which has transformed into a strategic hub for retraining through grants and vouchers. The results show a radical change in gender roles, with an increasing number of women being integrated into traditionally male-dominated industries. The work emphasizes the importance of social inclusion, particularly the systemic reintegration of veterans and people with disabilities into the economic environment. Furthermore, the study analyzes the regional divergence between «deficit zones» in central regions and «surplus zones» in frontline territories. Finally, the author proposes priority strategies for human capital restoration, focusing on economic incentives for returnees and the alignment of national labor policies with European standards.

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