THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONS IN UKRAINE (1987-1989)

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93 3. The emergence and development of informal organizations in Ukraine (1987-1989) 3.1.1 Historiography of the problem The first attempts to analyze a new social phenomenon -informal organizations -were mostly journalistic and descriptive. At the same time, the pace of socio-political transformations in the republic was ahead of the historiographical novelty of research, which focused mainly on informal youth associations (V. Kononov, I. Sundiev, O. Kashcheeva, R. Apersyan, O. Donchenko, S. Shapoval). [ 78] Scholars tried to find out the origins and social base of youth associations. They believed that the impetus for the creation of informal associations was the intensification of socio-political movements in Ukraine, publicity and the emergence of the first rudiments of political pluralism. O. Razumkov and S. Khodakovsky noted that informal associations of young people in the field of leisure ("hippies", "rockers") have existed in Ukraine since the 70s of the twentieth century. In 1985-1987, most youth informal groups, feeling the easing of psychological and administrative pressure from Komsomol and Communist Party groups, united young people for leisure activities. Since 1987, the process of formation of organizations of socio-political, national-cultural, environmental orientation begins. The formation of socio-political clubs served as an accelerator of the amateur social and political movement of the youth. [79] A number of authors (V. Shchegortsov, A. Kochetkov, A. Shchegortsov, L. Dyachenko) considered informal organizations in the context of an amateur social movement that operated outside the officially existing institutions. [80] A. Gromov and O. Kuzin defined informal associations as voluntary amateur public formations that arose at the initiative of the "lower classes" and acted in the interests of their members, regardless of the purpose and nature of the association. [81] Modern researchers of the recent history of Ukraine consider the process of formation of informal associations in Ukraine in the context of the formation of the national opposition, highlighting the period 1985-1991 as the last stage of the Ukrainian national liberation movement. The main organizational structure of the

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