Methodological approaches to analyzing balanced socio-economic development of a region and the efficiency of public investment

Анотація

The article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations and outlines methods for analyzing the balanced socio-economic development of a region, taking into account the role of public investment as one of the key instruments of state regional policy. The relevance of the study is driven by the deepening of interregional disparities, increasing socio-economic instability, and the limited availability of financial resources, which necessitate improving the effectiveness of regional development management mechanisms and substantiating the performance of public investment. The article argues that ensuring balanced regional development requires the coordinated functioning of economic, social, institutional, and spatial components, which determines the need to apply comprehensive methodological approaches to their analysis. The author proposes an original interpretation of the methodology for analyzing regional development as a multilevel and phased system of cognition that integrates tools of economic analysis, spatial diagnostics, structural and balance assessment, and evaluation of public investment effectiveness. A step-by-step methodology for analyzing balanced socio-economic development of a region is developed, including a general characterization of socio-economic and infrastructural preconditions for development, identification of spatial proportions and disparities between territories and communities, assessment of the volume, dynamics, structure, and effectiveness of public investment, as well as diagnostics of structural balances and the resilience capacity of the regional economy. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the causal impact of public investment on socio-economic development, the scaling of public–private partnership practices, and the assessment of institutional conditions for the implementation of investment projects. A system of indicators for analyzing balanced regional development is elaborated, based on a combination of functional, resource-based, spatial, and structural-balanced approaches. This system encompasses indicators of economic development, social resilience, demographic stability, fiscal and budgetary sustainability, innovation and technological progress, infrastructural modernization, and environmental security. In addition, the article offers a specific set of indicators for assessing public investment, facilitating the analysis of investment scale, structure, funding sources, and implementation effectiveness of regional development projects. The practical significance of the research findings lies in the possibility of applying the proposed methodology and indicator system in the activities of public authorities and local governments in order to enhance the substantiation of managerial decisions, improve public investment mechanisms, and ensure balanced and sustainable regional development.

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