Macroeconomic Assessment of the Structure of Income and Expenditures of the Household Sector of Ukraine in 2021-2024

Анотація

The article examines the macroeconomic assessment and structure of household income and expenditure in Ukraine in 2021-2024 using a developed system of universal indicators (income, expenditure, poverty, inequality, financial stability). This approach enabled analysis under conditions of limited access to sample surveys. Significant negative consequences of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine were identified: despite nominal growth, real disposable incomes fell sharply in 2022 and only partially recovered. A forced concentration of expenditure on basic needs was observed, as evidenced by an increase in the Engel coefficient to 54.5% in 2024. A large-scale deepening of poverty (with the risk of poverty doubling) and inequality (the Gini coefficient increased from 0.257 to 0.465) was identified, disproportionately affecting the least well-off. The undermining of financial sustainability is confirmed (negative savings rate in 2022). The results justify the need to revise welfare criteria and differentiate the application of social assistance for vulnerable groups of the population (IDPs, large families, rural residents).

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